Restless Legs Syndrome is a common disorder characterized by a deep, ill-defined discomfort in the legs that arises during prolonged rest or when the patient is drowsy and trying to fall asleep, especially at night.

Symptoms

The discomfort may be described by various terms such as creepy, crawling, gnawing, itching, pulling, boring pain felt in the muscles or bones of the legs occasionally the arms. Patients often report problems when traveling in a car or plane for prolonged periods.  These sensations are relieved by movement of legs or walking. RLS patients complain of daytime drowsiness leading to impairments at work and in social life. RLS patients also have significant depression and anxiety.

Cause

The underlying cause of RLS is currently unclear. It can occur as a primary disorder with no apparent cause other a genetic predisposition. It can also be associated with iron deficiency, pregnancy, and advanced kidney disease. RLS is thought to be related to abnormalities in the body’s use and storage of iron and to dopamine dysfunction.

Treatment

Decision to treat RLS depends on disease severity and impact on patient’s life. Non drug therapy should be considered first. Patients with moderate to severe symptoms may require medications.

Non-medication treatments include improving sleep hygiene with a regular sleep-wake cycle, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and moderate exercise daily. Relaxation techniques include hot baths, leg vibration, massage and biofeedback.

Medications include FDA approved treatments such as pramipexole and ropinirole. Other medications used to treat RLS include carbidopa/levodopa, opioids, benzodiazepines or anticonvulsants.

For More Information  

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation